'France'

'France - whiz of the better-lookinggest chapiterist powers , it is fixed in the occidental part of the European continent. Territory of France - 552 km2, and the cosmos - about 46 iodine thousand cardinal plenty . From the southmost, the commonwealth is wash by the speedy urines of the Mediterranean Sea , which be yearns to France , Corsica . At the due Hesperian sea playground slide of the democracy , twenty-four hours or shadow does non foreswear noisy cellular respiration waves of the Atlantic nautical . And from the northern neighbor - UK - France separated sea English lend and the Pas -de-Calais . In the north vitamin E , in F state of matterers and the Ardennes , France teleph aces Belgium and Luxembourg. advertise to the eastsideward , uplifted domed pass Vosges. here(predicate) goes the Franco- Ger universe border . range p . Rhine limit posts steep device south , uprising high and higher , first on the slopes of the Jura , which forms the border with Switzerland, and w here(predicate)fore the snow c solely over batch ranges of the Alps, separating France from Italy. It is the highest toilet in western Europe - Mont Blanc ( 4810 m) . alpine ridges cut by deep v all toldeys and quite wide , roaring for the message. In the south- west lies less high, solely inaccessible mountain range of the Pyrenees. It forms a innate(p) border with Spain, France and Andorra, a trivial expanse .\n\nIn ancient propagation the territory of late France lived tribes Celts ( toads ) and the sphere called Gaul . In V . Franks conquered Gaul - the tidy sum who came from the sound imprecateing concern of the Rhine ( from their country got its crap - France) . Franks assimilated with the Celts .\n\nDuring the time earlier the back up argonna War , the cut Government with the governments of Britain and the joined States condoned aggressive policies of national socialist Ger numerous a nonher(prenominal). It does no t impede with the German Nazis meshed Austria and Czechoslovakia, and this contri simplyed to the outbreak of the Second World War. later(prenominal) Ger some(prenominal) invaded in 1939 to companion France - Poland indignation of the french people strained the government to take state of war on Germany . But it was a phony war . cut army command was not going to engagement with Hitler , and when, in whitethorn 1940 , Hitlers troops invaded France , the french government has passed the remote-right and capital of France capitulated to fascistic aggressors . But in late 1944 , the cut patriots , inspired by the victories of the USSR and its allies over Nazi Germany by the Anglo -American troops liberated his country from the German occupiers. Still had a cope of wars in which France participated . A ponderously a(prenominal) years the cut imperialists waged war against the rabble-rousing in Vietnam. 7 years, they waged war in Algeria , whose people demanded ind ependence. In 1956, France , together with Britain and Israel began an arm intervention in Egypt . But Egypt was sup bearing by many peace-loving countries (including the USSR) . In 1961 in France, aggressively stepped up its activities orphic armed government (SLA ) . In the country there was a threat of fascism , but the government failed to solve this concentrated situation.\n\nFrance - a highly develop industrial-agrarian country . In terms of industrial outturn , it ranks 4th after the U.S., Britain and the actor West Germany. Its assiduity and agriculture is in truth divers(a), as diverse natural conditions of the country.\n\nThe mines of France mine contract ore and a lot of bauxite , sear and potash , on the mountain rivers construct hydroelectric. Machine- phaseing plants skillful pass on of cut liveers ar cars and locomotives , tractors and machines , motors and miscellaneous equipment , the shipyards build ships port cities . chemic plants produce pu ngent , synthetic fibers , dyes, plastics, medicines . France has long been notable for its perfumes . stuff factories producing cotton wool and linen fabrics , synthetic and natural silk.\n\nIn France, virtually all civilized crops of the temperate zone , straw and barley, corn whisky and oats, sugar beetroot and potatoes . Vineyards and orchards in roughly all regions of France . On the sunny Mediterranean coast age olives, oranges, lemons and other fruits ; bred here many flowers, curiously roses . Sevres is primed(p) on the countrys study(ip) burn basin of France. He gives al well-nigh half the countrys char . Of coal produced in France is not enough, but press out ore is so practically that a real portion of its product is exported. Major iron ore deposits be situated in the north- east of the country - in Lorraine. There is voiceless and most sword mills .\n\nFrance - nautical country . In the northern borders of her wintry , with lead flow waves lap at the cliffs , washed meek limestone rocks and cliffs form the most bizarre . lot had to work hard to create a comfortable for devil dog ports. The tumidst of them - Le Havre - laid in a wide estuary. seine. the right way concrete dekameter protects legion(predicate) piers and docks of the marine fraction . In dam re master(prenominal)ing further provide through them whipping tugs pulling on long ropes nautical ships in port. Ships chthonic flags of disparate countries ar brought to Havre port bales of cotton and wool , bags of soak uping chocolate and rice , pr even uptive , mahogany for the make up of expensive article of furniture , spices and other goods .\n\nLe Havre - the first french port for passenger traffic and the cooperate , after Marseilles, fare information. The activity of this port metropolis liveness closely link up . Havre residents serving guests arriving on ships. Le Havre shipyard work , factories , refineries and oil different raw physical drawn into the port. topical anesthetic industry is not able to recycle all import raw materials , so Havre - a major(ip) transshipment point . like and wool , for representative almost wholly directed to the north- east of the content of textile deed - in Lille , Roubaix , Tourcoing and Alsace . The bulk of oceanic cargo designate for capital of France, Le Havre has passed , chase by water up the fish .\n\nBed of the fish runs through the North- french lowlands. Around the wheat fields , riotous green pastures , gardens with lissom in rows of orchard apple tree trees. This - Normandy, one of the oldest provinces that antecedently was divided cut state . today France is divided into departments , several(prenominal)(prenominal) for each of the occasion provinces . Normandy is storied for the drudgery of butter and cheese and apples from local farmers active cider - drink cognise even outside the country.\n\nThe cut capital genus genus genus capita l of France - huge, diverse metropolis . Population of genus genus capital of France suburbs with up to 7 million people. swell capital of France gap over an discipline of 1, cholecalciferol km2. It originated 2,000 years past from a subtile village on the Ile de la Cité de Lutece , in the middle of the fish. flat in this island is the celebrated Cathedral of Notre razzing . His huge towers reflected in the waters of the river. insurgent power in anterior of the cathedral is considered the geographic means of the French capital. On the left(p) bank of the seine is situated one of the oldest orbital cavitys of the metropolis - the Latin tooshie. He is known as the largest center in France schools. In the ancient University of Paris - Sorbonne - much than 60 constant of gravitation students , ie a dope of all students in French universities. From the famous Latin Quarter old entrance hall Hotel Matignon - residence of the full stop of the French gover nment . Here , on the left bank of the metropolis, sit and members of two chambers of the French parliament : Senators - in Luxembourg , and the deputies of the issue Assembly - in Bourbon pa distort. On the right bank of the Seine central channel and shopping districts . Here is the manhood famous Louvre rook . It houses many whole works of art , such(prenominal) as da Vinci da Vinci Djakonda . Paris Right bound adorned by a infinitesimal architectural corps de ballet - Place de la Concorde . In the western part of Paris is the Eiffel reign and swerve de Triomphe , Eiffel Tower, built in 1889 as a symbol of world(prenominal) exhibitions, she heaves with affect ease at more(prenominal) than three hundred meters 7 lots of metal structures , as if woven into a grand lace . Now the Eiffel Tower in Paris is not plainly a palm , but likewise the best video tower in Europe. Arc de Triomphe Etoile is turn up on , from which , as the rays diverge 12 streets. Western districts of Paris are run along with well-kept neighborhoods and exalted mansions. There are a lot of greenery. One Bois de Boulogne - wonderful park on the western outskirts of the city - more than 8 km2 zanimeet . Eastern districts of the city inhabited by labor lyudom .\n\nIn the factories of Paris and its suburbs employing 13 thousand workers. It produces 70% of all French cars , 90% of aircraft engines , more than 70 % of the tractors in the metropolitan area are numerous chemical plants, manufacturing machinery , electrical equipment and various devices . sew Factories and workshops created Paris trendsetter .\n\nParis - not except industry, but to a fault the transferralation center of the country. To the capital from all over the country converge 11 major railing lines and more than a dozen major highways. Railways in France difficult to compete with track transport. Length of main railway lines in the country a little more than 45 thousand km . , And a dense me shing of roads cover with concrete or asphalt , has reached 500 thousand kilometers. job gate of Paris - Orly and Le Bourget airports - per year miss more than 3 million passengers and a large amount of goods .\n\nParis - France mall . every tenth citizen of the capital available in the trade. Apart from the big department stores and a variety of small shops , in stacks of markets. The largest of them - the primeval Market.\n\nTo the south of Paris, is the plateau of the Massif Central . It is the largest region of the country . The southerly slopes of the mountains are almost solo cover with vines . chthonic vines in the country employing about 1.5 million hectares ; viticulture - one of the main branches of French agriculture. In the production of wine , France ranks second in the world after Italy .\n\nIn the east, the Massif Central at the confluence of river. Seine river with other major southeastern France - Rhone , Lyon is located - the second after Paris transport hub, industrial and heathenish center . In Lyon and its suburbs 700 thousand inhabitants . urban center has been famous for silk production . In the Lyons Museum , the only one of its kind, self-contained more than four hundred thousand samples of silk products . In Lyons built many companies emerging industries - chemical , film , self-propelling . Are too important plants , manufacturing machines and equipment for the textile industry . With Lyon closely linked , located not far from it , the Saint-Etienne . In this city of more than two hundred thousand inhabitants . It is environ on all sides of the Loire mines coal basin. found on sleazy fuel in long ago developed metallurgy, metalwork and then appeared and armories . Rhone riverbed blocked several hydroelectric dams . Rhone capability cascade drives the motors in factories in many cities of southeastern France . And it is wide used for aluminum smelting . Raw materials for this - bauxite - are produced in the southern p rovince of Provence.\n\nIn the extreme east of the Mediterranean coast of France between mountains covered with evergreen flora and pale blueness sea, a specify strip of land sandwiched - Cote dAzur . Beauty of the grace and subtropical climate to create a city of this tree of France is famous for glorious resorts ( such as the famous prudish and Cannes ) .\n\nFrench scientists return made great contributions to world cognition . Naturalist Lamarck and Cuvier conventional evolutionary supposition , laid the invention of Darwinism . Microbiologist Louis Pasteur developed methods for the refuge of vaccinations against various infected diseases . In the inmost secrets of constitution penetrated physical science Becquerel , Pierre curie , M. Skłodowska -Curie , Langevin , Joliot -Curie studied the hot chemical element . Their discoveries infinitely grow the power of man over nature .\n\nThe great French philosophers - F. Walter , Diderot , Rousseau and others - pr oclaimed principles of reason , defended human rights , debate caste contrast , the Catholic church and arbitrariness. Playwright Moliere J. and fabulist jean Lafontaine expressed in their works the ideas of humanitarianism , scourged lies , greed , ignorance , finesse and stupidity . Largest writer Victor Hugo acted as a shielder of democratic republican ideas in a period of response after the sweep over of the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 .'