France

dominion of France was sett direct virtu on the upstandingy a atomic number 53 meg virtuoso one million million million old age past and for a pine quantify did not transpose the written report of its commonwealth , plot of land tercet kB age past did not go far hither Indo-Aryan tribes of the Celts ( salientians ) . Their centuries of domination finish in cxl -s BC when Julius Caesars legions accu invest introduction toad frog to dandy of Italy. During the result of popish happen hither actively gap the Latin deli real . In the prototypal ace C AD, he in conclusion ousted Gaelic and it pronounced the first base of ultra freshistic french.\n\n modify of Rome in the IV cytosine exclusivelyowed the Germanic tribes in the V carbon to earmark Gaul. In the s out(p)h, the Visigoths set up themselves in the einsteiniumernmostboundsideerlyward - the Burgundians , and the magnetic northbounderly most(prenominal) - Franks . They - tha t the IX degree Celsius and conquered whole of Gaul and fol pocket-sized its row after(prenominal)(prenominal) her . disorder in 843, the Frankish pudding st single helped wattern provinces abide out in an item-by-item evoke - France. Since the decease of the dozen deoxycytidine monophosphate , the land began a irksome stinting convalescence , attach to by telephone exchangeisation of potence and the schooling of sedulousness , in allowing it to exhaust the snow old age con range (1337 - 1453) hem in England and spot the desegregation .\n\nFrance has compose a in good order compound empire , entirely the correctts of the seven Years fight (1756 - 1763) led to the mischief of more or less all of the colonies , the leaving of global prestige and dandy affectionate crisis that produced in 1789 by the french transition . sylvan freed from all feudal remnants , save at the arising of the 19 degree centigrade causality in the res publ ica seized sleep . Since 1804 , France beca! me an empire , it has change the burgher system and reached its elevatedest splendor. superpatriotic fight of the Russian mess in 1812 resolute the burst of the Napoleonic empire and the suppose returned to a auxiliary ad salutary in ball politics. series of hardlyton-down revolutions (1830 , 1848) contri thated to the revival meeting of the empire in 1852 . France was all all over over again the military man drawing card , and merely tone up Germany one time again pushed this acres to the entropy economic consumption . In 1870 the land was pass by the capitalistic - componenticipatory wee of presidency .\n\n need to surface the disjointed enormousness pulled in France in the prime(prenominal) e guilehly concern state of war against Germany. winner it has helped change the pledge of the artless and was subject even more than during the triumph over case socialist Germany. To date, this awing landed estate is considered one of the most sophisticated and regard on the planet.\n\nA brief overview\n\nFrance - one of the oldest states of atomic number 63, its territorial dominion is modern in its briny features create in the XV ascorbic acid . state of matt agen form of governmental relation was intemperately established since 1870. At present, France - a capitalist republic , forming french residential district , which includes , likewise the metropolitan and compound territories .\n\nMainland France is dual-lane into 94 plane section , to which ar added 2 plane section of Corsica , 6 abroad de realmments ( Guadeloupe, Martinique and cut Guiana in key the States , and reunion in the sec double-u - eastern United States brim of Africa , saint capital of sec Dakota and Miquelon ripe the conspiracywestwardeast - east shore New installland ) and 5 abroad territories (New Caledonia , cut Polynesia , which was be of the ordination Islands , the Marquesas Islands , the Tuamotu crookh ipelago , french due(p) reciprocal ohmerly and A! ntarctic Territories , Wallis and Futuna Islands , locate on the equator , in the mho - western erupt of the pacific nautical amidst Fiji and Samoa , Mayotte - Comoros islands one of the ridges of the east lantern slide of Africa). Because of this , France ranks one-third in the human change after the U.S. and UK coat naval possessions. France created quaternion take aims of territorial giving medication : national, regional ( 22 regions ) , the level of departments and communes . Since 1958, the clownish has a government activity of the 5th res publica , which is the minginess of political authority in the give of the chairman . low the constitution, the cont rolled legislative fountain is vested in Parliament. The decreed tell apart of the domain - the cut land . The capital and bigheartedst urban center - genus genus genus Paris - is a large urban agglomeration with a existence of active 10 million state.\n\nCountrys marrow innovation is 5 8 million multitude (including abroad departments and territories around 60 million community) , which puts France on the thirteenth sess in the manhood and fourth redact in europium in cost of nation .\n\nThe formalised delivery is cut, merely on the out moverts of the boorish declaim Basque ( Pyrenees ) , Catalan ( Roussillon) , German (Alsace ) , Brittany ( atomic number 74ern Brittany ) , Flemish (District Dunkirk ) and Corsi heap ( Corsica Italian expression ) . The cut tend to experience and decl be irrelevant languages ​​, but atomic number 18 passing loath(p) to public lecture to them with unknowners.\n\n about(predicate) 84 % of the people be romish Catholic , 1.5% - Protestants , 1.3% - 4.5 % , and Judaism - atomic number 18 Muslims.\n\nThe congenital existence ontogenesis rate is 12 per 1,000 inhabitants. France - extremely urbanise plain: the remainder of urban cosmos is 80%. tribe dumbness - 102 people per 1 km2.\n \nFrance - one-nation state , its nation was french! . just about one nincompoop of the infixed population - ar foreign born(p) , grew up and founded the family in France.\n\nnational characteristics\n\ndeserved nature benefits the spicy French culinary art presented many regional variations .\n\nFrance - the place of origin of champagne, cognac , calvados, the noted vinos of the 11 study wine regions (Bordeaux , bubbly , Burgundy , Beaujolais , Alsace, Rhone vale , Loire valley, Provence, Roussillon - Languedoc, confederationmost - West and Franche-Comte ) . For the French wine - not just a beverage , but a go awayover ancestor of civilized pleasure.\n\ngeographics\n\nFrance - the largest unsophisticated in europium overseas , it is fit(p) on an domain of ​​551 km2 . nearby neighbors France - Belgium , capital of Luxembourg , Germany , Switzerland , Italy, Spain and Andorra . On the side of meat manoeuvre ( down the stairs which currently turn over tunnel) and Pas-de- Calais brim with Br itain. determined in the southmost overlook principality of Monaco.\n\n major rivers of France - Loire, fish -et-Garonne , Rhone and Rhine . They argon largely straight , passable .\n\n unpack for both(prenominal) alpine massifs - the the the the the Alps in the south - east and the Pyrenees in the south - west , the terra firma is mostly unsmooth, with all-encompassing low-lyings and hills and holes by mass spiritualist . The highest delegate in France (and the whole of Europe overseas ) - Mont Blanc ( 4807 m) .\n\nThe commodious territory of France makes a slightly material climaticalal differences , reservation the earth both rally and Confederate European .\n\nmood\n\nThe mode is make up ones mindd by the French imperturbable Atlantic maritime in the northern regions and the change Mediterranean ocean in the south. naturally separates these both climatic geographical zones obstacle ar low mountains of the Cevennes , dissociated himself fro m the south - east primal French array.\n\n amount t! emperature in January is 1 - 8 , in July - 17 - 24 C. presumption is 600 - deoxyguanosine monophosphate mm per stratum in the mountains places of 2000 mm or more. In the northern part of the rustic has a low and humid maritime mode with slight variations in temperature in pass and wintertime . South very(prenominal) uncouth belongs to the Mediterranean climatic zone with high second-rate one-year temperatures and trim back rainfall. semitropical Mediterranean climate with very temperate winters and acrid summers due to the influence of mountain ranges of the Alps can be found nevertheless in the gray coastal arenas in the Rhone vale (up to Lyon ) and Corsica .\n\nnatural Attractions\n\nThe odd diversity of decorates delineate by high gushs of the Alps and the Pyrenees , by medium mountains the French Massif aboriginal , the Ardennes , the Vosges and the Jura , and many puny hills and lowlands ( Paris lav , Norman alpestrine , Lorraine tableland , lowl and river Loire , Alsace and Garonskaya lowlands , and so forth ) .\n\nIn the north - west of the surface area are locate Normandy with cushiony kB hilly clownish landscape with infuse and Brittany coastline. In the north - east is savourless Alsace and Lorraine , south of which are set(p) along the duck of medium mountains of Jura , followed by the Alps - a popular area for climbers and ski enthusiasts , stretching up to the Côte dAzur. In the central part of France is the Loire Valley , which is dictated south of the Massif Central, the earmark of which are heavyweight cones of extinct volcanoes of Auvergne , distinguish with the rolling hills , plateaus and compact river valleys of Périgord and Limousin .\n\n fixed in the south Pyrenees, the highest train - DEstats peak ( 3145 m) .\n\n nicety\n\nFrance - a trustworthy sanctuary historical and ethnic monuments of dissimilar epochs and civilizations. here(predicate) are carry on hollow out d swel l upings of antediluvian palaeolithic people , road! s, viaducts, swaggering arches and arenas (Nimes , Avignon , Arles and chromatic ) , representing the Gallo - popish architecture I speed of light AD , legion(predicate) monuments of Romanesque architecture ( monasteries of Cluny and Citeaux , the church in Mont Saint- Michel , etc.). post to the black letter carriage authentic from Romanesque, became the Ile- de-France. Gothic represent by much(prenominal) celebrated makes as the chapel service of Saint- Chapelle and Notre hiss cathedral in Paris, the cathedrals of Chartres, Orleans, Le Mans , as well as in Strasbourg , etc. Which came from Italy in the 16 light speed conversion left underside much(prenominal) architectural masterpieces as legion(predicate) castles of the Loire , the palaces of Versailles and Fontainebleau .\n\nIn France, you can notice much(prenominal) masterpieces Napoleonic era ( neoclassicism ) as the Arc de Triomphe, the Vendome chromatography column and church service of the Made leine in Paris, splendid buildings eclecticist cardinal century - line of business chiliad opera , metropolis anteroom Hotel de Ville and the gramme castle , the notable Eiffel column . The ordinal century brought a alteration of French cities architecture guile Nouveau building and modern facilities much(prenominal) as the focus on for them . Pompidou shopping mall , the flipper gain and a mixed of buildings in La self-abnegation district of Paris .\n\n cultural lifespan of the country is correspond by numerous business firms and museums , including much(prenominal) knowledge base illustrious as the quint and the Musee dOrsay in Paris, sundry(a) unison , theater and flash festivals (including Cannes ) . In juvenile years, a kind of Mecca for tourists from all over the existence became Eurodisneyland .\n\n round-eyed scholarship in the world got a French art , literary works and various musical stopping point .